The European Banking Authority’s latest semi-annual dashboard reports MREL requirements between 25% and 29% of risk-weighted assets, with bail-in remaining the preferred resolution strategy as of December 2025.
The European Banking Authority (EBA) published its latest semi-annual dashboard on the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL). This update provides information on resolution planning and resources used by banks to meet their requirements.
As of December 2025, bail-in remains the preferred resolution strategy in terms of risk-weighted assets (RWAs). Rollover needs are estimated at EUR 231 billion for instruments set to become ineligible over the next 12 months.
The dashboard includes data for 303 banks across the European Union, based on reports from resolution authorities and banks, covering MREL decisions and resources.
As of 31 December 2025, the average external MREL binding requirement, including the combined buffer requirement (CBR), is:
The average subordination requirement is 21.4% of RWAs for G-SIIs and 21.7% for top-tier/fished banks.
Banks mainly meet requirements through own funds instruments, which account for:
Regarding eligible liabilities, G-SIIs and top-tier/fished banks rely mainly on senior non-preferred debt (8.0% and 7.5% of RWAs, respectively) and senior unsecured debt (4.9% and 6.5% of RWAs, respectively). Other banks rely more on senior unsecured debt (6.3% of RWAs).
Instruments set to become ineligible by December 2026 due to residual maturity below one year represent:
This amounts to EUR 231 billion in rollover needs over the next year. Further details are available in the EBA Risk Assessment Report.
Bail-in remains the preferred resolution strategy in terms of RWAs (94%). In decisions, bail-in (52%) and transfer (48%) strategies are broadly balanced, with transfer strategies favored for smaller banks and bail-in for larger institutions.
The EBA publishes this dashboard under its mandate to monitor MREL setting and resource buildup, based on new reporting standards introduced in the latest Implementing Technical Standards (ITS). The current edition reflects data as of December 2025.
MREL ensures that EU institutions have sufficient loss-absorbing capacity to support resolution strategies in case of failure. The BRRD set a deadline of 1 January 2024 for compliance, with some exceptions for recent strategy changes or extensions.
Top-tier banks are those with resolution group assets exceeding EUR 100 billion; fished banks have assets below EUR 100 billion but pose systemic risk.
