The European Banking Authority released its semi-annual Q2 2025 dashboard on MREL, covering resolution planning, resources, and requirements for 304 EU banks as of June 30, 2025.
The European Banking Authority (EBA) published its semi-annual dashboard on the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) as of June 30, 2025. The dashboard provides aggregated data on resolution planning and resource utilization for 304 banks across the European Union (EU).
As of the reporting date, the average external MREL requirement including the combined buffer requirement (CBR) was 28.9% of risk-weighted assets (RWA) for global systemically important institutions (GSIIs), 28.5% for Top-Tier/fished banks, and 24.3% for other banks. The average subordination requirement was 21.5% of RWAs for GSIIs and 22% for Top-Tier/fished banks.
Banks primarily meet requirements through own funds instruments, representing 19.8% of RWA for GSIIs, 21.6% for Top-Tier/fished banks, and 20.8% for other banks. For eligible liabilities, GSIIs and Top-Tier/fished banks mainly rely on senior non-preferred debt (8.2% and 7.7% of RWAs, respectively), while other banks depend more on senior unsecured debt (5.8% of RWAs).
MREL instruments with residual maturity below one year, totaling EUR 221 billion, are set to become ineligible by June 2026. These represent 16% of total eligible instruments other than own funds for GSIIs, 20% for Top-Tier/fished banks, and 21% for other banks. Details on rollover needs are included in the EBA Risk Assessment Report.
Bail-in remains the preferred resolution strategy based on RWAs (94%), with decisions split evenly between bail-in (52%) and transfer (48%) strategies. Smaller banks tend to favor transfer strategies, while larger institutions prefer bail-in.
The EBA is mandated by the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) to monitor MREL setting and resource buildup. MREL ensures EU institutions have sufficient loss-absorbing capacity for resolution. The BRRD set January 1, 2024, as the deadline for compliance, with some exceptions for recent strategy changes or extensions.
Top-Tier banks are resolution entities with assets exceeding EUR 100 billion; fished banks have assets below EUR 100 billion but are considered systemically risky by authorities.
